India has documented over 45,000 species of flora and 75,000 known species of fauna and contains with its borders two of the world's 10 biogeographic zones. The country is one of the world's 12 megacentres of biodiversity.
Contained within the subcontinent are tropical wet evergreen forests, deserts and alpine vegetation and vast coastal systems.
To conserve such a natural gift, India is party to the Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD) 1992 which recognizes the sovereign rights of states to use their own Biological Resources.
In order to help in realizing the objectives of CBD, India has enacted an umbrella legislation called the biological Diversity Act 2002(No.18 of 2003) aimed at conservation of biological resources and associated knowledge as well as facilitating access to them in a sustainable manner and through a just process.
The Biodiversity Bill 2002 seeks to create a three tier structure
(i) At the national level, a National Biodiversity Authority (NBA), set up at Chennai. The approval of this authority will be needed by any foreign company, entity or individual for obtaining any form of intellectual property rights (IPRs) on an invention based on a biological resource or traditional knowledge originating in India. NBA will also develop guidelines for granting this approval and for sharing benefits arising from such an invention.
(ii) At the state: level, each state will constitute a State Biodiversity Board (SSB), which will have to be intimated by domestic firms, entities or individuals, of any commercial utilization of biological resources; however, they will, simply register and will not need th approval of NBA. The Bill exempts hakims, vaids and practitioners of Indian Systems of medicine from this obligation of intimating SSB for using the biological resources; the. practices that are currently in use in agriculture, poultry, animal husbandry and bee-keeping are also exempted,
(iii) At the local level, each local body (Gram Panchayat or MandaI Panchayat) will constitute a Biodiversity Management Committee (BMC), which will maintain registers (called Peoples Diversity Register) of local resources and knowledge, and will also promote conservation, documentation and sustainable use of biological resources at the grass root level.
FAQ in biodiversity
Contained within the subcontinent are tropical wet evergreen forests, deserts and alpine vegetation and vast coastal systems.
To conserve such a natural gift, India is party to the Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD) 1992 which recognizes the sovereign rights of states to use their own Biological Resources.
In order to help in realizing the objectives of CBD, India has enacted an umbrella legislation called the biological Diversity Act 2002(No.18 of 2003) aimed at conservation of biological resources and associated knowledge as well as facilitating access to them in a sustainable manner and through a just process.
The Biodiversity Bill 2002 seeks to create a three tier structure
(i) At the national level, a National Biodiversity Authority (NBA), set up at Chennai. The approval of this authority will be needed by any foreign company, entity or individual for obtaining any form of intellectual property rights (IPRs) on an invention based on a biological resource or traditional knowledge originating in India. NBA will also develop guidelines for granting this approval and for sharing benefits arising from such an invention.
(ii) At the state: level, each state will constitute a State Biodiversity Board (SSB), which will have to be intimated by domestic firms, entities or individuals, of any commercial utilization of biological resources; however, they will, simply register and will not need th approval of NBA. The Bill exempts hakims, vaids and practitioners of Indian Systems of medicine from this obligation of intimating SSB for using the biological resources; the. practices that are currently in use in agriculture, poultry, animal husbandry and bee-keeping are also exempted,
(iii) At the local level, each local body (Gram Panchayat or MandaI Panchayat) will constitute a Biodiversity Management Committee (BMC), which will maintain registers (called Peoples Diversity Register) of local resources and knowledge, and will also promote conservation, documentation and sustainable use of biological resources at the grass root level.
FAQ in biodiversity
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